Tuesday, June 25, 2013

[LINUX_Newbies] Re: Grep questions

 



--- In LINUX_Newbies@yahoogroups.com, Cameron Simpson <cs@...> wrote:
>
> | Is root where the program files are?
>
> Root is where you start.

The meaning of root in Linux can be somewhat confusing as it may refer to the root user's home directory /root, or more commonly the root of the filesystem / Whoever initially designed these features must have been asleep at the keyboard when this snafu escaped them. Context usually sorts any potential confusion out though.

"Root is where you start."

I'm not sure what that means. Where you start (your origin) is your current working directory, which you can find with the pwd (print working directory) command. Although echo $PWD works too.

>
> Of you look at your $PATH variable by going:
>
> echo $PATH
>
> you will see a list of directories, separated by colons.
> Program files like in those directories.
>
> Normally there will be a "bin" directory in your own home directory,
> eg "/home/name/bin", at the start of your $PATH. This lets you write
> your own commands and have somewhere to put them.

I don't know what distribution you run but having a home bin directory in a user's path by default is definitely not normal.

>
> | Ist home where the data files are?
>
> Your home directory is where your files live, be they data or
> program. "/home" is a common convention for where the user home
> directories are stored. So in there is probably "/home/name"
> containing your files, and "/home/some-other-name" containing the
> files of another user.

While we're echoing things out of our environment one can either:

echo $HOME

or

echo ~

to see what their shell thinks their home directory is.

cd with no arguments will take you to your home directory too.

>
> | | A better command for your example might be:
> | |
> | | grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
> | |
> | | *
> | | grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
> | | Is this better then
> | | grep -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
> |
> | Slightly. "*" will not match files/directories starting with a dot ("."),
> | like .ssh. That is a convention to "hide" configuration files as a
> | matter of convenience.
> | It may be what you want, or it may not.
> |
> | *
> | So if I am searching for my data files like
> | text.txt
> | pic.gif
> | movie.avi
> |
> | then it is the same and I can use both like:
> | grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
> | grep -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
> | ?
>
> Pretty much, yes.
>
> | Searching * will missing the "dot" names.
>
> This is becuase then you type:
>
> grep thisismyAIM *
>
> the shell expands the "*" into a list of your files in the current
> directory, so the actual command that is _run_ looks like this:
>
> grep thisismyAIM movie.avi pic.gif text.txt
>
> (whatever the real files are, of course). The expansion of "*" will
> not include any "dot" files like ".bash_profile". This is a
> convenience.
>
> Cheers,
> --
> Cameron Simpson <cs@...>
>
> Clymer's photographs of this procedure show a very clean head. This is a lie.
> There is oil in here, and lots of it. - Mike Mitten, rec.moto, 29sep1993
>

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: Grep questions

 

On 25Jun2013 09:37, highskywhy@yahoo.de <highskywhy@yahoo.de> wrote:
| Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
| Good morning
| Thank You for help.

Please configure your mail reader to indent the quoted material.
Picking your reply text out of mine or others' is very difficult.
Observe that in this message the quite text is indented with a
marker character down the side, making it easy to distinguish the
new text.

| On 20Jun2013 14:30, highskywhy@yahoo.de <highskywhy@yahoo.de> wrote:
| | I start terminal:
| | name@nameM57p:~$
| | Is this the root?
|
| No. It is your home directory, probably something like /home/name.
| The command "pwd" will tell you ("print working directory").
| *
| What is the difference between root and home?

The root, "/", is the top of the filesystem tree. Everything can be found
from there by descending into subdirectories.

Your "home" directory is the working directory you start with when
you log in, and is a special area set aside in the system for _your_
files. It is owned by you, and you can do what you like inside it.

Other areas of the system are not owned by you; they contain system
files like executables and libraries, and of course the home
directories for other users, owned by them.

| Is root where the program files are?

Root is where you start.

Of you look at your $PATH variable by going:

echo $PATH

you will see a list of directories, separated by colons.
Program files like in those directories.

Normally there will be a "bin" directory in your own home directory,
eg "/home/name/bin", at the start of your $PATH. This lets you write
your own commands and have somewhere to put them.

| Ist home where the data files are?

Your home directory is where your files live, be they data or
program. "/home" is a common convention for where the user home
directories are stored. So in there is probably "/home/name"
containing your files, and "/home/some-other-name" containing the
files of another user.

| | A better command for your example might be:
| |
| | grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
| |
| | *
| | grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
| | Is this better then
| | grep -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
|
| Slightly. "*" will not match files/directories starting with a dot ("."),
| like .ssh. That is a convention to "hide" configuration files as a
| matter of convenience.
| It may be what you want, or it may not.
|
| *
| So if I am searching for my data files like
| text.txt
| pic.gif
| movie.avi
|
| then it is the same and I can use both like:
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
| ?

Pretty much, yes.

| Searching * will missing the "dot" names.

This is becuase then you type:

grep thisismyAIM *

the shell expands the "*" into a list of your files in the current
directory, so the actual command that is _run_ looks like this:

grep thisismyAIM movie.avi pic.gif text.txt

(whatever the real files are, of course). The expansion of "*" will
not include any "dot" files like ".bash_profile". This is a
convenience.

Cheers,
--
Cameron Simpson <cs@zip.com.au>

Clymer's photographs of this procedure show a very clean head. This is a lie.
There is oil in here, and lots of it. - Mike Mitten, rec.moto, 29sep1993

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

On Tue, Jun 25, 2013 at 10:09:56AM +0200, highskywhy@yahoo.de wrote:
> Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
> Good morning
> Thank You for help.
>

>
> That was a typo, as you see, I only gave two links. :)
> *
> No problem.
> Does Linux also have the command:
> zip
> or is it
> 7z?

Yes, Linux has both. If it is a zip file, you can use the zip command.

It also has unzip.

--
Scott Robbins
PGP keyID EB3467D6
( 1B48 077D 66F6 9DB0 FDC2 A409 FA54 EB34 67D6 )
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys EB3467D6

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
Good morning
Thank You for help.

The documentation that came with my package is not so terrible.

$ dpkg -L p7zip-full | grep man

/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/extract.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/extract_full.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/list.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/update.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/style.css
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/test.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/index.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/add.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/bench.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/delete.htm
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/7za.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/7z.1.gz
*
Question:
What does mean: p7zip-full?
What does mean: "full"

Regards
Sophie

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
Good morning
Thank You for help.

>
> Putting man page 7z into google comes up with several useful links. The
> top 4

That was a typo, as you see, I only gave two links. :)
*
No problem.
Does Linux also have the command:
zip
or is it
7z?

Regards
Sophie

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 


Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
Good morning
Thank You for help.

> | | Is there also a workshop
> | | for learning to use p7zip?
> |
>
> Looks like the 7zip commands do not come with manual pages.
> That's pretty awful. Slack. Lazy. Shoddy.
>
> Try running the command:
>
> 7z -h
>

On CentOS, at least in the EPEL repo, there is a man page for 7z.

I cover it very briefly on a page of mine,
http://home.roadrunner.com/~computertaijutsu/dvds.html#rar
*
Thank You.

Putting man page 7z into google comes up with several useful links. The
top 4

http://linux.die.net/man/1/7z
*
Thank You.
The first problem for me is or was:
Is it:

7z
7za
7zr
7zip
p7zip?

rar is something different, isn it?

I am very slow
so first I want to study zip
later
then
tar and rar.

A little bit I know arj.

Is the man page itself.

http://www.dotnetperls.com/7-zip-examples
*
Thank You.

Has some examples of using it.

Mostly it's used to archive, with the a option and to uncompress an
archive, with the e option.

*
Thank You.

Question:
Is compress
decompress

Fedora Debian Slitaz Xubuntu Siduction the same or different?

Regards
Sophie

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
Good morning
Thank You for help.

> | | Is there also a workshop
> | | for learning to use p7zip?
> |
> | The p7zip command is called "7z". So the command "man 7z" shows you
> | the manual entry for that command. That should tell you how to use
> | it.
> | *
> | Sorry I cannot understand.
> |
> | man 7zip
> | no answer in terminal.
>
> Looks like the 7zip commands do not come with manual pages.
*
OK

> That's pretty awful. Slack. Lazy. Shoddy.
*
What can I do?
Is this a problem of Xubuntu?

>
> Try running the command:
>
> 7z -h
*
OK
Thank You.

p:~$ 7z -h

7-Zip 9.20 Copyright (c) 1999-2010 Igor Pavlov 2010-11-18
p7zip Version 9.20 (locale=de_DE.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,2 CPUs)

Usage: 7z <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]
[<@listfiles...>]

<Commands>
a: Add files to archive
b: Benchmark
d: Delete files from archive
e: Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
l: List contents of archive
t: Test integrity of archive
u: Update files to archive
x: eXtract files with full paths
<Switches>
-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard}: Include archives
-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard}: eXclude archives
-bd: Disable percentage indicator
-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard}: Include filenames
-m{Parameters}: set compression Method
-o{Directory}: set Output directory
-p{Password}: set Password
-r[-|0]: Recurse subdirectories
-scs{UTF-8 | WIN | DOS}: set charset for list files
-sfx[{name}]: Create SFX archive
-si[{name}]: read data from stdin
-slt: show technical information for l (List) command
-so: write data to stdout
-ssc[-]: set sensitive case mode
-t{Type}: Set type of archive
-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName]: Update options
-v{Size}[b|k|m|g]: Create volumes
-w[{path}]: assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
-x[r[-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard}: eXclude filenames
-y: assume Yes on all queries

Shall I use
p7zip
7zip
7z?

>
> and see it it has some useful messages. Desperate, but may work.
*
I copied them.

>
> But you at least have a "p7zip" command with a man page.
>
> | p7zip(1) General Commands Manual
> | p7zip(1)
> |
> | NAME
> | p7zip - Wrapper on 7zr, a 7-zip file archiver with high
> | compression
> | ratio
>
> So, it is a wrapper for the 7zr command. Try "man 7zr". Might work.
*
I do:
man 7z

7z(1) General
Commands Manual
7z(1)

NAME
7z - A file archiver with highest compression ratio

SYNOPSIS
7z [adeltux] [-] [SWITCH] <ARCHIVE_NAME> <ARGUMENTS>...

DESCRIPTION
7-Zip is a file archiver with the highest compression ratio. The
program supports 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm), LZMA2,
XZ, ZIP,
Zip64, CAB, RAR (if the non-free p7zip-rar package is
installed), ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM, ISO, most filesystem
images and DEB formats.
Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than
ratio in ZIP format.

7z uses plugins to handle archives.

FUNCTION LETTERS
a Add

d Delete

e Extract

l List

t Test

u Update

x eXtract with full paths

SWITCHES
-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard}
Include archives

-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard}
eXclude archives

-bd Disable percentage indicator

-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard}
Include filenames

-l don't store symlinks; store the files/directories they
point to (CAUTION : the scanning stage can never end because of
recursive symlinks
like 'ln -s .. ldir')

-m{Parameters}
Set Compression Method (see
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/switches/method.htm for a list of
methods)

-mhe=on|off
7z format only : enables or disables archive header
encryption (Default : off)

-o{Directory}
Set Output directory

Manual page 7z(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)

>
> | SYNOPSIS
> | p7zip [-d] [-h|--help] [file]
> | -h print this help
> | -d decompress file
>
> It is not a great manual page.

*
Is
7z
and
p7zip the smae?

Is p7zip a GUI for 7z?

What is 7zip?

You see
a beginner like me is confused.

I am sorry.

So

>
> | SEE ALSO
> | 7z(1), 7za(1), 7zr(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1)
>
> This says that there should be manual entries (and commands) named
> 7z, 7za and 7zr.
Are there
7z
7za
7zr
7zip
p7zip?
?

>
> | So is it
> | 7zip
> | or pz7ip?
>
> See above.
*
OK

>
> | Is the command to decompress:
> |
> | p7zip package.zip -d
>
> It is pretty obvious from the SYNOPSIS section that the -d comes
> _before_ the filename.

Maybe
7z -d package.zip

>
> | Is the command to compress:
> |
> | p7zip pic.jpg zip.zip
>
> I doubt it.
*
OK

>
> Most UNIX people use tar (or sometimes cpio) and combine it with
> gzip or bzip2 (often using tar's "z" or "j" options).
*
Because my friends and I
use
DOS
WIN
Linux
until today
we sent
picture like
pic.zip
and save them in ZIP Files.
It is or it was much better
then
send pic.jpg.

>
> Zip and friends mostly get use on Windows, and have pretty clunky
> and uninuitive command line options.
*
What does mean clunky?

>

Regards
Sophie

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: Grep questions

 

Di Jun 25 09:33:00 2013
Good morning
Thank You for help.

On 20Jun2013 14:30, highskywhy@yahoo.de <highskywhy@yahoo.de> wrote:
| I start terminal:
|
| name@nameM57p:~$
|
| Is this the root?

No. It is your home directory, probably something like /home/name.
The command "pwd" will tell you ("print working directory").
*
What is the difference between root and home?
Is root where the program files are?
Ist home where the data files are?

| If you first cd to "/", the current directory
| would be the top of the tree and thus the search would be of all
| files. (At least, all files to which you have access.)
| *
| I do
| cd /
|
| name@nameM57p:~$ cd /
| name@nameM57p:~$
|
| Is this root?

Yes.
*
OK.

| A better command for your example might be:
|
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
|
| *
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
| Is this better then
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt

Slightly. "*" will not match files/directories starting with a dot ("."),
like .ssh. That is a convention to "hide" configuration files as a
matter of convenience.
It may be what you want, or it may not.

*
So if I am searching for my data files like
text.txt
pic.gif
movie.avi

then it is the same and I can use both like:
grep -r "thisismyAIM" . > resu.txt
grep -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
?

Searching * will missing the "dot" names.
Searching "." will read everything, starting at the current directory
(which is called ".").
*
OK.

| which searchs the current directory downward, or:
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" / > resu.txt
|
| Is
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" / > resu.txt
| the smae like
| grep -r "thisismyAIM" * / > resu.txt

Same issue as above, yes. "dot" names versus all names.
*
OK

| Is
| grep -r -i "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
| and
| grep -i -r "thisismyAIM" * > resu.txt
| the same?

Yes.
*
So I can change
the options in the commands.

For commands where options just turn "modes" on an off (-i,
-r) the order generally does not matter.
*
OK
Thank You.
For a beginner like me this is a very important inforamtion.
Thank You.

For some commands the order
can matter: where different options overlap in the features they
control, or some rather dodgy commands where options and arguments
can be mixed on the line.
*
OK.

When in doubt, consult the manual page for the command (eg "man grep").
*
OK.

Regards
Sophie

Thank You.

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Saturday, June 22, 2013

[LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 



--- In LINUX_Newbies@yahoogroups.com, Cameron Simpson <cs@...> wrote:
>
> On 21Jun2013 14:10, highskywhy@... <highskywhy@...> wrote:
> | | Is there also a workshop
> | | for learning to use p7zip?
> |
> | The p7zip command is called "7z". So the command "man 7z" shows you
> | the manual entry for that command. That should tell you how to use
> | it.
> | *
> | Sorry I cannot understand.
> |
> | man 7zip
> | no answer in terminal.
>
> Looks like the 7zip commands do not come with manual pages.
> That's pretty awful. Slack. Lazy. Shoddy.
>
> Try running the command:
>
> 7z -h
>
> and see it it has some useful messages. Desperate, but may work.
>
> But you at least have a "p7zip" command with a man page.
>
> | p7zip(1) General Commands Manual
> | p7zip(1)
> |
> | NAME
> | p7zip - Wrapper on 7zr, a 7-zip file archiver with high
> | compression
> | ratio
>
> So, it is a wrapper for the 7zr command. Try "man 7zr". Might work.
>
> | SYNOPSIS
> | p7zip [-d] [-h|--help] [file]
> | -h print this help
> | -d decompress file
>
> It is not a great manual page.
>
> | SEE ALSO
> | 7z(1), 7za(1), 7zr(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1)
>
> This says that there should be manual entries (and commands) named
> 7z, 7za and 7zr.
>
> | So is it
> | 7zip
> | or pz7ip?
>
> See above.
>
> | Is the command to decompress:
> |
> | p7zip package.zip -d
>
> It is pretty obvious from the SYNOPSIS section that the -d comes _before_ the filename.
>
> | Is the command to compress:
> |
> | p7zip pic.jpg zip.zip
>
> I doubt it.
>
> Most UNIX people use tar (or sometimes cpio) and combine it with
> gzip or bzip2 (often using tar's "z" or "j" options).
>
> Zip and friends mostly get use on Windows, and have pretty clunky
> and uninuitive command line options.
>
> Cheers,
> --
> Cameron Simpson <cs@...>
>
> Every weather is leather weather. - Tomkin Coleman <tcolema@...>
>

The documentation that came with my package is not so terrible.

$ dpkg -L p7zip-full | grep man

/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/extract.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/extract_full.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/list.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/update.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/style.css
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/test.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/index.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/add.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/bench.htm
/usr/share/doc/p7zip-full/DOCS/MANUAL/commands/delete.htm
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/7za.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/7z.1.gz

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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

On Sat, Jun 22, 2013 at 07:58:26AM -0400, Scott wrote:
>
> Putting man page 7z into google comes up with several useful links. The
> top 4

That was a typo, as you see, I only gave two links. :)

--
Scott Robbins
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Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

On Sat, Jun 22, 2013 at 01:17:47PM +1000, Cameron Simpson wrote:

> | | Is there also a workshop
> | | for learning to use p7zip?
> |
>
> Looks like the 7zip commands do not come with manual pages.
> That's pretty awful. Slack. Lazy. Shoddy.
>
> Try running the command:
>
> 7z -h
>

On CentOS, at least in the EPEL repo, there is a man page for 7z.

I cover it very briefly on a page of mine,
http://home.roadrunner.com/~computertaijutsu/dvds.html#rar

Putting man page 7z into google comes up with several useful links. The
top 4

http://linux.die.net/man/1/7z

Is the man page itself.

http://www.dotnetperls.com/7-zip-examples

Has some examples of using it.

Mostly it's used to archive, with the a option and to uncompress an
archive, with the e option.

--
Scott Robbins
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Friday, June 21, 2013

[LINUX_Newbies] Re: 7zip OR p7zip?

 

On 21Jun2013 14:10, highskywhy@yahoo.de <highskywhy@yahoo.de> wrote:
| | Is there also a workshop
| | for learning to use p7zip?
|
| The p7zip command is called "7z". So the command "man 7z" shows you
| the manual entry for that command. That should tell you how to use
| it.
| *
| Sorry I cannot understand.
|
| man 7zip
| no answer in terminal.

Looks like the 7zip commands do not come with manual pages.
That's pretty awful. Slack. Lazy. Shoddy.

Try running the command:

7z -h

and see it it has some useful messages. Desperate, but may work.

But you at least have a "p7zip" command with a man page.

| p7zip(1) General Commands Manual
| p7zip(1)
|
| NAME
| p7zip - Wrapper on 7zr, a 7-zip file archiver with high
| compression
| ratio

So, it is a wrapper for the 7zr command. Try "man 7zr". Might work.

| SYNOPSIS
| p7zip [-d] [-h|--help] [file]
| -h print this help
| -d decompress file

It is not a great manual page.

| SEE ALSO
| 7z(1), 7za(1), 7zr(1), bzip2(1), gzip(1), zip(1)

This says that there should be manual entries (and commands) named
7z, 7za and 7zr.

| So is it
| 7zip
| or pz7ip?

See above.

| Is the command to decompress:
|
| p7zip package.zip -d

It is pretty obvious from the SYNOPSIS section that the -d comes _before_ the filename.

| Is the command to compress:
|
| p7zip pic.jpg zip.zip

I doubt it.

Most UNIX people use tar (or sometimes cpio) and combine it with
gzip or bzip2 (often using tar's "z" or "j" options).

Zip and friends mostly get use on Windows, and have pretty clunky
and uninuitive command line options.

Cheers,
--
Cameron Simpson <cs@zip.com.au>

Every weather is leather weather. - Tomkin Coleman <tcolema@nv7.uswnvg.com>

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