Re: [LINUX_Newbies] Re: Twice the same program

Good afternoon
Mi Jul 17 16:39:46 2013
Thank You for help.

>>>>> as far as I as newbie
>>>>> understood Linux
>>>>> is it possible to install
>>>>> twice
>>>>> Firefox
>>>>> or
>>>>> Claws
>>>>> or any other programme?
>>>>>
> <snip>
>> *
>> Can somebody explain it to me
>> or is it very very difficult?
>>
>
> Whether or not it is very difficult depends entirely on you.
*
OK

> Basically, what your current level of understanding is for Linux, OS
> operation, how easy it is for you to learn, etc. all contribute to
> whether or not you will find it difficult. So it is hard to say.
> But for the sake of learning, you might as well try to do it, right?
*
So
wait a little bit.

>
>> Can somebody explain it to me
>
> Maybe Paul will chime in to provide better information/reading
> materials as it sounds like he has much more experince with this than
> I do. I will try to explain what I know and think I understand since
> I have some down time. The basic issue with just installing the same
> thing twice in the same place is that the second install will
> overwrite all of the files of the first.
*
Yes.

So to have two separate
> installations, they need to be installed in two different places.
> There are a few ways to do this:
*
OK
>
> 1) If you are compiling / building your program from source code with
> gcc, you can set the install location with the option
> '--prefix=name/of/your/install/directory'. Below is a link where you
> can read about gcc, which is collection of program compilers that you
> can probably find in your distributions software collection as an easy
> to install package (maybe).
> <http://gcc.gnu.org/>
> On the menu on the right, you can find the manual. You can also enter
> "Linux compile program tutorial" or "Linux build program from source"
> or similar into your favorite search engine to find plenty of
> walkthrough examples (add the name of your distribution to your search
> string for more specific instructions). I'll caution that you may not
> want to play around with compiling random programs on your everyday
> system as you learn - It can be easy to make a mess that way.
*
OK
I could read it but I need time to understand it.

>
> 2) another way is to install your program in a chroot-ed directory - I
> think "chroot" comes from "change root". It is a way to make any
> process launched from a directory to see that directory as root (i.e.,
> "/"). This is useful for aplication testing or multi user systems as
> anything operating in a chrooted directory is locked out of the rest
> of the system. chroot is part of GNU core utilities:
*
OK

>
<http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#chroot-invocation>
> the wikipedia article has some basic information, so you may want to
> look there also. If you use Debian (and maybe Ubuntu), someone put up
> a tutorial on the debian wiki that includes includes installation of
> debootstrap:
> <http://wiki.debian.org/chroot> <-when they say "building a 'chroot'
> in that tutorial, they are actually talking about making a fairly
> minimal working OS inside of the directory you want to set as a root.
> This is a good place to play around with compiling. :)
*
OK
>
> 3) You could also use dpkg to set an installation location of a .deb
> package. I do not think APT or aptitude can do this, and I know
> nothing about YUM or RPM. But there are three options in dpkg that
> allow one to set / specify an install location that I have looked at
> before ; '--admindir=dir', 'instdir=dir', and '--root=dir' (where
> 'dir' is you directory path I believe)

*
OK

>
> dpkg is a command line program to manage Debian packages, which are
> also found in at least Linux Mint and Ubuntu...
> <------dpkg manual page excerpt---->
> --admindir=dir
> Change default administrative directory, which contains
> many files that give information about status of
> installed or uninstalled packages, etc. (Defaults to
> /var/lib/dpkg)
> --instdir=dir
> Change default installation directory which refers to the
> directory where packages are to be installed. instdir is
> also the directory passed to chroot(2) before running
> package's installation scripts, which means that the
> scripts see instdir as a root directory. (Defaults to /)
>
> --root=dir
> Changing root changes instdir to dir and admindir to
> dir/var/lib/dpkg.
>
> <--end excerpt--->
>
> The above makes me think that it you use '--root=dir' during an
> install command and /dir/var/lib/dpkg exists because you previously
> copied your libriaries there, you could install a different version of
> a program without having dpkg destroy or bother the other program and
> or its dependencies. But unless I am not understanding (and that is
> not a stretch), /dir needs to have a workable system setup as above in
> "2)". I've never tried to install with these options before so can't
> really comment. I've seen people complain about dpkg just in general
> as well, but I've not used it enough to break something yet I suppose.
>
> 4) There are probably other ways to have a certain program installed
> twice and also working, such as editing the configuration files before
> compiling it, or building the packages yourself, but I know even less
> about that.
>
> Well what I intended to be a quick reply got awful long. I do hope you
> find some of the above links or explanation useful. I'll be glad if
> anyone comes along to expand, clarify, or correct any of what I have
> put above.
*
Thank You very much.
I ll print it and study it.

I have learned a lot about the construction of Linux.


Here are questions:
What browsers does exist:
I know
arora
midori
chrome
chromium
firefox iceweasel
opera
epiphany

Are there more?
I am looking for an easy one for easy homepages.
All have their problems
but Ff is best.

Regards
Sophie



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